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East Broadway is a two-way east-west street in the Chinatown, Two Bridges, and Lower East Side neighborhoods of the New York City borough of Manhattan. East Broadway begins at Chatham Square (also known as Kimlau Square) and runs eastward under the Manhattan Bridge, continues past Seward Park and the eastern end of Canal Street, and ends at Grand Street. The western portion of the street has evolved into the neighborhood known as ''Little Fuzhou'', or ''Manhattan's Fuzhou Town'' (福州埠, 紐約華埠), primarily populated by Chinese immigrants (mainly Foochowese who emigrated from Fuzhou, Fujian), while the eastern portion was traditionally home to a large number of Jews. One section in the eastern part of East Broadway, between Clinton Street and Pitt Street, has been unofficially referred to by residents as ''"Shteibel Way"'', since it has been lined with up to ten small synagogues ("shteibels") in its history. ==Ethnic groups== East Broadway was home to a large Jewish community on the Lower East Side and then later on Puerto Ricans began to settle onto this street〔(Chinatown: The Socioeconomic ... – Min Zhou ) Google Books. (January 24, 1995). Retrieved on October 18, 2011.〕〔(Teenage hipster in the modern world ... – Mark Jacobson ) Google Books. (March 25, 2005). Retrieved on October 18, 2011.〕 and African Americans were also residing on this street. During the 1960s, an influx of Hong Kong immigrants were arriving over along with Taiwanese immigrants as well into Manhattan's Chinatown. Subsequently, Cantonese people and businesses also began to settle onto this street, as Manhattan's Chinatown was expanding into other parts of the Lower East Side, and Manhattan's Chinatown Chinese population was very vastly Cantonese-dominated at the time. During this time period, Manhattan's Chinatown was being referred as a growing ''Little Hong Kong''. Vietnamese people also began to settle on this street as well.〔(The new Chinatown – Peter Kwong ) Google Books.. Retrieved on October 18, 2011.〕 During this time, East Broadway had not evolved into a Little Fuzhou enclave yet, however small numbers of Fuzhou immigrants have existed around the area of Division Street and East Broadway as early as the 1970s and early 1980s, including the Fujianese gang named the Fuk Ching.〔(Chinatown Gangs: Extortion ... – Ko-lin Chin ) Google Books.. Retrieved on October 18, 2011.〕 Although the Chinese population have been increasing in this portion of the Lower East Side since the 1960s, however until the 1980s, the western portion of Manhattan's Chinatown was the most fully Chinese populated and developed and flourishing as a busy Chinese business district, while East Broadway along with the eastern portion of Chinatown east of the Bowery was developing more slowly as being part of Chinatown. The eastern portion of Manhattan's Chinatown had lower and scattered numbers of Chinese residents and higher numbers of Non-Chinese residents mainly Latinos and Jewish than Manhattan's Chinatown's western portion. During the 1970s and 1980s, East Broadway was one of the many streets east of the Bowery heading deeper onto the Lower East Side that many people were afraid to walk through or even reside in due to poor building structures and high crime rates such as gang related activities, robberies, building burglaries, and rape as well as fear of racial tensions since other ethnic people were still residing in the area. Very often criminals many of them Hispanics and Blacks targeted Chinese immigrants to harass them. In addition, businesses were often very few and significant numbers of unoccupied properties. Chinese female garment workers heading home were often high targets of mugging and rape and many of them leaving work to go home often left together as a group for safety reasons.〔()〕 It was during the 1980s and 1990s, when an influx of Fuzhou immigrants flooded East Broadway and a ''Little Fuzhou'' enclave evolved on the street, that East Broadway emerged as a distinctly identifiable neighborhood within Chinatown itself, also known as the ''New Chinatown of Manhattan''. The Fuzhou immigrants often speak Mandarin along with their Fuzhou dialect. Most of the other Mandarin speakers were settling in and creating a more Mandarin-Speaking Chinatown or ''Mandarin Town (國語埠)'' in Flushing, and eventually an even newer one in Elmhurst, both in Queens, because they could not relate to the traditional Cantonese dominance in Manhattan's Chinatown. The Fuzhou immigrants were the exceptional non-Cantonese Chinese group to settle largely in Manhattan's Chinatown, before themselves expanding eventually, on an even larger scale, to the Brooklyn Chinatown (布鲁克林華埠). As many Fuzhou immigrants came without immigration paperwork and were forced into low paying jobs, Manhattan's Chinatown was the only place for them to be around other Chinese people and receive affordable housing despite Manhattan's Chinatown's traditional Cantonese dominance that lasted until the 1990s.〔(The Hong Kong reader: passage to ... – Ming K. Chan, Gerard A. Postiglione ) Google Books. (July 1, 1997). Retrieved on October 18, 2011.〕〔(God in Chinatown: religion and ... – Kenneth J. Guest ) Google Books.. Retrieved on October 18, 2011.〕〔(Chinatowns of New York City – Wendy Wan-Yin Tan ) Google Books.. Retrieved on October 18, 2011.〕〔(Reconstructing Chinatown: ethnic ... – Jan Lin ) Google Books.. Retrieved on October 18, 2011.〕〔(Surviving the City: the Chinese ... – Xinyang Wang ) Google Books.. Retrieved on October 18, 2011.〕 Today, the street within Manhattan's Chinatown became a central hub for these recently arrived Fujianese immigrants. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「East Broadway (Manhattan)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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